How unequal is consumption in rural India?
MoSPI · released 27 Dec 2024
| Period | Value (index) |
|---|---|
| 2023-24 | 0.237 |
| 2022-23 | 0.266 |
Use in your answer
The Gini coefficient of consumption expenditure in rural India was 0.237 in 2023-24, compared with 0.266 in 2022-23 (HCES). Source: MoSPI, Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES), Factsheet 2023-24.
Cite as: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023-24, Factsheet (NSO, MoSPI)
What this shows
- The rural consumption Gini fell from 0.266 in 2022-23 to 0.237 in 2023-24.
- Urban consumption is more unequal and also became less so: 0.314 in 2022-23, 0.284 in 2023-24.
- The 2011-12 survey (68th round) put the Gini at 0.283 rural and 0.363 urban; MoSPI compares the rounds in its factsheet, though the 2022-23 survey changed the questionnaire design.
Cite this
Cite a fixed version from every published version below.
Source and method
What exactly is measured
Gini coefficient of per capita consumption expenditure in rural India, from the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 0 means every person spends the same, 1 means one person accounts for all spending. It measures inequality in consumption, not income or wealth. Usual NSS estimates, without imputing items received free through welfare schemes.
History: every published version
Each time the source changes this series we archive the full series as it stood, with an archived copy of the source, and never delete an old version. Each version has a permanent page you can cite. Recorded since 18 Oct 2026: 1 version.
No figure in this series has been revised since we began recording on 18 Oct 2026.
- 2 periods, latest 2023-24: 0.237 · first snapshotArchived source
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Release notes (2)
- 0.2662022-23, HCES factsheet
- 0.2372023-24, HCES factsheet
Get the data
Use it in Excel, Python or R
Excel (Data → From Web): https://india.tf/c/soc-gini-056/data.csv
Python: pandas.read_csv("https://india.tf/c/soc-gini-056/data.csv")
R: read.csv("https://india.tf/c/soc-gini-056/data.csv")
All statistics: /api/index.json. Free to reuse with attribution (GODL-India).
