{
  "id": "soc-mpi-084",
  "question": "What share of Indians are multidimensionally poor?",
  "topic": "Society",
  "unit": "%",
  "decimals": 2,
  "measures": "Share of the population that is multidimensionally poor under NITI Aayog's national Multidimensional Poverty Index: deprived in at least a third of 12 weighted indicators of health, education and living standards (nutrition, schooling, cooking fuel, sanitation, housing, bank account and others). Computed from the National Family Health Survey rounds, with indicators harmonised across rounds; the 2005-06 figure was estimated for NITI Aayog by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. It is not an income or consumption poverty line.",
  "verified": true,
  "source": {
    "name": "NITI Aayog, Multidimensional Poverty in India since 2005-06 (Discussion Paper, January 2024); National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023",
    "url": "https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/MPI-22_NITI-Aayog20254.pdf",
    "table": "Discussion paper Table 1 (headcount ratio H, 2005-06, 2015-16, 2019-21); 2015-16 and 2019-21 also in Progress Review 2023, Executive Summary (Snapshot of Multidimensional Poverty in India; rural/urban table)",
    "licence": "GODL-India"
  },
  "released": "2023-07-17",
  "retrieved": "2026-10-20",
  "nextDueBy": null,
  "processing": "Copied as published.",
  "exam": {
    "publisher": "NITI Aayog (with technical partners OPHI and UNDP)",
    "survey": "National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023; Multidimensional Poverty in India since 2005-06",
    "frequency": "With each NFHS round (baseline report November 2021 on NFHS-4; second edition July 2023 on NFHS-5)",
    "measures": "Headcount ratio (H): share of people deprived in at least 33.33% of the weighted indicators",
    "notes": [
      "Uses the Alkire-Foster method: three equally weighted dimensions (health, education, standard of living) and 12 indicators; the national MPI adds maternal health and bank accounts to the 10 indicators of the global MPI.",
      "MPI value = headcount ratio (H) × intensity (A); for 2019-21 it was 0.066 (H 14.96%, A 44.39%).",
      "It tracks SDG target 1.2: halve the proportion of people living in poverty in all its dimensions by 2030."
    ]
  },
  "targets": [],
  "values": [
    {
      "period": "2005-06",
      "start": "2005-04",
      "end": "2006-03",
      "value": 55.34
    },
    {
      "period": "2015-16",
      "start": "2015-04",
      "end": "2016-03",
      "value": 24.85
    },
    {
      "period": "2019-21",
      "start": "2019",
      "end": "2021",
      "value": 14.96
    }
  ],
  "page": "https://india.tf/c/soc-mpi-084/",
  "csv": "https://india.tf/c/soc-mpi-084/data.csv",
  "versions": "https://india.tf/c/soc-mpi-084/versions.csv"
}