{
  "id": "soc-groundwater-096",
  "question": "What share of India's usable groundwater is pumped out each year?",
  "topic": "Environment",
  "unit": "%",
  "decimals": 1,
  "measures": "Stage of groundwater extraction: annual groundwater extraction for irrigation, domestic and industrial use as a share of the annual extractable groundwater resource, from the Central Ground Water Board's Dynamic Ground Water Resource Assessment. Only assessments under the GEC-2015 methodology (2017 onwards) are shown; the 2004–2013 assessments used GEC-1997 and are not comparable. Assessments have been annual since 2022.",
  "verified": true,
  "source": {
    "name": "Central Ground Water Board, National Compilation on Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, 2025",
    "url": "https://cgwb.gov.in/cgwbpnm/download/1741",
    "table": "Stage of Ground Water Extraction, 'At a glance' page of each year's National Compilation (2017: 63.33%, 2020: 61.6%, 2022: 60.08%, 2023: 59.26%, 2024: 60.47%, 2025: 60.63%); matches Table-1.1 of the 2025 compilation (rounded there for 2017-2023)",
    "licence": "GODL-India"
  },
  "released": "2025-12-18",
  "retrieved": "2026-10-20",
  "nextDueBy": "2027-02-16",
  "processing": "Copied as published. The 2020 figure was published to one decimal; the others to two.",
  "exam": {
    "publisher": "Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) with State/UT ground water departments, Ministry of Jal Shakti",
    "survey": "Dynamic Ground Water Resource Assessment (National Compilation on Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India)",
    "frequency": "Annual since 2022; earlier assessments in 2004, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2017 and 2020",
    "measures": "Annual groundwater extraction for all uses as a share of the annual extractable groundwater resource, all India",
    "notes": [
      "Assessment units (blocks, mandals, taluks) are categorised by stage of extraction: Safe up to 70%, Semi-critical above 70% to 90%, Critical above 90% to 100%, Over-exploited above 100%",
      "Methodology: Ground Water Estimation Committee 2015 (GEC-2015) from the 2017 assessment; GEC-1997 for 2004–2013",
      "Assessments are run in the India-Groundwater Resource Estimation System (IN-GRES), developed by CGWB with IIT Hyderabad",
      "2025: total annual recharge 448.52 bcm, annual extractable resource 407.75 bcm, annual extraction 247.22 bcm",
      "2025: agriculture 87% (215.10 bcm), domestic 11% (27.89 bcm), industry 2% (4.23 bcm) of extraction",
      "2025: 6,762 assessment units, of which 730 over-exploited, 201 critical, 758 semi-critical, 4,946 safe and 127 saline"
    ]
  },
  "targets": [],
  "values": [
    {
      "period": "2017",
      "start": "2017",
      "end": "2017",
      "value": 63.33
    },
    {
      "period": "2020",
      "start": "2020",
      "end": "2020",
      "value": 61.6
    },
    {
      "period": "2022",
      "start": "2022",
      "end": "2022",
      "value": 60.08
    },
    {
      "period": "2023",
      "start": "2023",
      "end": "2023",
      "value": 59.26
    },
    {
      "period": "2024",
      "start": "2024",
      "end": "2024",
      "value": 60.47
    },
    {
      "period": "2025",
      "start": "2025",
      "end": "2025",
      "value": 60.63
    }
  ],
  "page": "https://india.tf/c/soc-groundwater-096/",
  "csv": "https://india.tf/c/soc-groundwater-096/data.csv",
  "versions": "https://india.tf/c/soc-groundwater-096/versions.csv"
}