{
  "id": "env-forest-005",
  "question": "How much of India is under forest cover?",
  "topic": "Environment",
  "unit": "km²",
  "decimals": 0,
  "measures": "Forest cover in square kilometres: all land of one hectare or more with tree canopy density of 10% or more, whatever its ownership or legal status, including orchards, bamboo and palm. From the Forest Survey of India's biennial India State of Forest Report. ISFR 2023 moved to raster-based area estimates and re-estimated 2021 the same way; only those two comparable figures are shown.",
  "verified": true,
  "source": {
    "name": "Forest Survey of India, India State of Forest Report 2023, Volume I",
    "url": "https://fsi.nic.in/forest-report-2023",
    "table": "ISFR 2023 Vol. I, Table 2.3 (2023) and Table 2.4 (2021 revised, without normalisation factor)",
    "licence": "GODL-India"
  },
  "released": "2024-12-21",
  "retrieved": "2026-10-18",
  "nextDueBy": null,
  "processing": "Copied as published.",
  "exam": {
    "publisher": "Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change",
    "survey": "India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023",
    "frequency": "Biennial",
    "measures": "Land of one hectare or more with tree canopy density of 10% or more, whatever its ownership or legal status, including orchards, bamboo and palm",
    "notes": [
      "Canopy density classes: very dense forest (70% and above), moderately dense forest (40–70%) and open forest (10–40%).",
      "Forest cover is measured from satellite data regardless of legal status; recorded forest area is land recorded as forest in government records. The two are different.",
      "Forest cover was 21.76% of the geographical area in ISFR 2023; with tree cover outside forests (3.41%), forest and tree cover was 25.17%.",
      "ISFR 2023 moved to raster-based area estimates and re-estimated 2021 the same way; earlier published totals are not comparable.",
      "The National Forest Policy, 1988 aims for a third of the geographical area under forest or tree cover."
    ]
  },
  "targets": [],
  "values": [
    {
      "period": "2021",
      "start": "2021",
      "end": "2021",
      "value": 715186.2
    },
    {
      "period": "2023",
      "start": "2023",
      "end": "2023",
      "value": 715342.61
    }
  ],
  "page": "https://india.tf/c/env-forest-005/",
  "csv": "https://india.tf/c/env-forest-005/data.csv",
  "versions": "https://india.tf/c/env-forest-005/versions.csv"
}